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A server block is an Nginx directive that defines settings for a specific domain, allowing you to run more than one website on a single server. For each website, you can set the site document root (the directory which contains the website files), create a separate security policy, use different SSL certificates, and much more.
This article explains how to set up Nginx server blocks on Debian 10.
Prerequisites #
Ensure that you have met the following prerequisites:
In some documentation, the term Server Blocks is referred to as a Virtual host.
A virtual host
is an Apache term.
Create the Directory Structure #
The document root is the directory where the website files for a domain name are stored and served in response to requests. The document root can be any directory on the server.
The examples in this article use the following directory structure:
/var/www/
├── domain1.com
│ └── public_html
├── domain2.com
│ └── public_html
├── domain3.com
│ └── public_html
Basically, we will create a separate directory for each domain we want to host on our server inside the /var/www directory. Within each of these directories, we will create a public_html directory that will store the domain website files.
Run the following command to create the root directory for the domain example.com:
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_htmlNext, create an index.html file inside the domain’s document root directory:
sudo nano /var/www/example.com/public_html/index.htmlOpen the file and paste the following lines:
/var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Welcome to example.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success! example.com home page!</h1>
</body>
</html>
To avoid permission issues change the ownership
of the domain document root directory to the Nginx user (www-data):
sudo chown -R www-data: /var/www/example.comCreate a Server Block #
By default, on Debian systems, Nginx server blocks configuration files are stored in /etc/nginx/sites-available directory. To activate a configuration you need to symlink the file to the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ directory.
Open your text editor and create the following server block file:
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf/etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /var/www/example.com/public_html;
index index.html;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
The configuration file can be named anything you want, but usually, it is best to use the domain name.
Enable the new server block file by creating a symbolic link from the file to the sites-enabled directory:
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/Test the Nginx configuration
for correct syntax:
sudo nginx -tIf there are no errors, the output will look like this:
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Restart the Nginx service
for the changes to take effect:
sudo systemctl restart nginxTo verify that the server block is working as expected, open http://example.com in your browser, and you will see something like this:
Conclusion #
We have shown you how to create Nginx server blocks and host multiple domains on a single Debian server. To create a server block for another domain, repeat the same steps.
If you want to secure your website with an SSL certificate, you can generate and install a free Letsencrypt SSL certificate
.
Feel free to leave a comment if you have any questions.
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